Background
Somalia experiences multiple regular and predictable shocks, including climate shocks such as floods (riverine and flash flooding) and drought, as well as conflict. Of Somalia’s 74 districts, in 2023 62 experienced drought displacing 528,767 people, 53 experienced conflict displacing 653,551 people, and 52 experienced flooding displacing 1,697,092 people. These shocks are often compounding, with 9 districts typically experiencing all three shocks in an annual cycle[1].
These recurring shocks have eroded Somalia’s already fragile education system in which 2.4 million children required Education in Emergencies support in 2024, more than 52% of school-aged children (3.6 million) are not accessing any type of learning opportunity, and children in school are at a high risk of dropping out. In 2023, more than 220 schools were severely damaged by El Nino rains, and all schools were temporarily closed in the affected districts, interrupting the learning of 434,000 schoolchildren.
Anticipatory Action frameworks exist and are funded in Somalia, coordinated through the Inter-Cluster Coordination Group (ICCG) and Humanitarian Country Team (HCT), but until now the triggers have not been applied in the Education sector. While humanitarian pooled funding mechanisms, such as the Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) and Somalia Humanitarian Fund (SHF), have been used for inter-cluster anticipatory action and rapid response to humanitarian emergencies driven by climate events such as droughts and floods, the Education Cluster is rarely represented in these funding allocations.
This Anticipatory Action pilot is funded by Education Cannot Wait (ECW) as part of a dedicated/standalone component of the 2024-2025 First Emergency Response allocation to Somalia for provision of lifesaving and life-sustaining Education in Emergencies support to girls and boys affected by the 2023 El Nino floods. This initiative in Somalia is one of two pilots ECW is funding globally to generate learning about Anticipatory Action for Education in Emergencies. The consultancy will be directly managed by the Norwegian Refugee Council, supported by the Somalia Education Cluster with technical contributions and oversight from ECW. A dedicated EiE AA task team will be initiated by the Somalia Education Cluster to guide the work of this consultancy and the cluster’s broader AA workstream. The task team will be composed of the cluster’s strategic advisory group members supplemented by AA experts at the country, regional, and global levels. NRC will chair the AA task team meetings for the duration of the consultancy; at the end of the consultancy the AA task team responsibilities will revert to the Education Cluster.
The key objectives of the pilot will be to:
- Put in place credible frameworks, linked to a trigger, plan and pre-positioned financing for Anticipatory Action in 1) flood and 2) drought in Somalia.
- Demonstrate innovative approaches for Anticipatory Action in Education in Emergencies and Protracted Crises (EiEPC) settings.
- Build capacity on Anticipatory Action within EiEPC settings.
- Generate evidence and learning on the benefits of early investment and pathways for scaling up Anticipatory Action.
- Support advocacy and resource mobilization, influence policy, and generate political commitment to Anticipatory Action in EiEPC.
- Establish a proof of concept for future Anticipatory Action programming in EiEPC settings.
- Influence broader Anticipatory Action efforts within the EiEPC sector.
The objectives of this consultancy are the following:
- Develop two comprehensive, validated Education in Emergencies (EiE) Anticipatory Action (AA) frameworks/early action protocols (one framework each for drought and floods) tailored to the Somalia context.
- Provide ongoing technical support to Education Cluster partners to ensure effective design and implementation of the early action.
- Build partner capacity to design and implement early action according to the newly established AA EiE frameworks.
Throughout the consultancy there will be close collaboration with communities, parents, teachers, children, ministries, and other relevant stakeholders, with the intention to integrate existing local and global best practices into the AA frameworks and to foster community and government ownership of the initiative.
Scope of Work
The scope of work for this consultancy will be delivered through a phased approach, as outlined below, to ensure the development and finalization of two Education in Emergencies (EiE) Anticipatory Action (AA) Frameworks for Somalia (one for drought; one for floods).
Phase 1 – Inception Phase
- Inception Report:
- Conduct a desk review of existing global Anticipatory Action guidance and resources. Sources should be drawn from OCHA (Anticipatory Action Toolkit), Global Education Cluster, UNICEF, Norwegian Refugee Council, Save the Children, IFRC/Anticipation Hub, ECHO, BHA, FAO, Start Network, and any other relevant organizations that have developed AA guidance and/or resources.
- Conduct an initial desk review of existing Anticipatory Action Frameworks in Somalia to inform the inception report. The detailed analysis of these frameworks will be conducted during Phase 2.
- Conduct a desk review of the key education and AA coordination structures and stakeholders in Somalia to inform the design of the frameworks’ governance structures which will be defined in Phase 2
- Develop an inception report that includes:
- An overview of the education landscape in Somalia (structures and stakeholders)
- A defined methodology for developing the AA frameworks consistent with global guidance.
- Based on data on climate hazards, how the frameworks will be sequenced for flood and drought so that critical Anticipatory Action windows are not missed.
- A detailed work plan including a schedule of consultations.
- Key deliverables and milestones.
- Any initial observations that may influence the approach.
- Present the inception report to NRC, ECW, and the Education Cluster AA Task Team for feedback and approval.
Timeline: 3 weeks
Phase 2: Sequenced Development of AA pilot frameworks for drought and floods[2]
The consultants will be responsible for developing the two Education in Emergencies (EiE) Anticipatory Action (AA) frameworks for Somalia (one on drought; one on floods). This phase involves mapping existing frameworks for Somalia and consulting with key stakeholders on their strengths, reliability and usability and suggestions for improvements. Consultations should include OCHA, SODMA, SWALIM, FAO, and other relevant actors involved in Anticipatory Action. Additional consultations will be conducted with communities, parents, teachers, children, and education ministries to gather insights on the impact of drought and floods on education and strategies for minimizing this impact through early action. The consultants will incorporate into the frameworks global best practices and local input to ensure they adhere to the global understanding of Anticipatory Action and are locally relevant and actionable.
The consultants will undertake the following tasks within this scope of work:
- Mapping existing AA frameworks in Somalia
- As the first step of Phase 2, the consultancy team will comprehensively map existing AA frameworks, mechanisms, guidance, and process documents for drought and floods at local, state, and federal levels in Somalia. This step will include analyzing how these frameworks should be drawn on for framing the Education in Emergencies (EiE) AA frameworks, identifying any gaps or areas where EiE is underrepresented. The mapping will provide a foundational understanding for how the Education sector can draw on existing frameworks to design Anticipatory Action for EiE and how existing frameworks can strengthen their inclusion of EiE and the value of doing so.
- As part of this exercise, the robustness of existing frameworks must be considered: for example, the reliability of the underpinning data, the frequency of activation, the number/ratio of false activations, their coverage of targeted districts, and the quality and impact of early action.
- Analyzing Somalia shock prediction models and AA triggers and thresholds
The consultants will review and analyze climate prediction data and models for Somalia, variations of thresholds and triggers for specific shocks in Somalia (drought and floods) and reflect on alignment of Somalia’s frameworks to global guidance and various case studies. The OCHA Anticipatory Action Toolkit will be consulted for this task, with due consideration given to both inter-sector and sector-specific formulations of triggers and thresholds. The windows of opportunity for testing the EiE AA frameworks (drought and flood) will be defined according to the most reliable climate predications. Recommendations will be provided in part v. on how thresholds and triggers should be formulated for the EiE AA pilot in Somalia. Triggers and thresholds require approval by the Education Cluster and ECW.
- Assessing types of risk/expected impact of shocks on educationin Somalia
The consultants will define the specific risks drought and floods pose to education (school children, teachers, communities, school infrastructure, and the education system as a whole). Special attention will be given to the expected impact of each shock (drought and flood) on the most vulnerable children including girls, children with disabilities, and displaced children. Communities, parents, teachers, children, and Ministries of Education will be consulted when defining the risks and expected impact of drought and flood.
- Somalia early warning mechanisms for education
- Identify existing mechanisms at the school and community levels for sharing early warning information when schools and communities are beginning to be impacted by a shock (drought or flood).
- Recommend improvements to existing mechanisms and/or the creation of new mechanisms to support the activation of EiE AA triggers based on early information of the impact of the shock on education. Note: this component to be more fully defined during the consultancy, as it relates to the outcome of section ii.
- Defining Somalia EiE AA triggers and thresholds
Building from work completed in sections i-iv, including review of global guidance, best practices, existing AA frameworks, anticipated impact of the shocks on education, and existing early warning mechanisms for education, the consultants will provide recommendations on how thresholds and triggers should be formulated for the Somalia AA EiE pilot. Consideration should be given to the relationship of the EiE AA frameworks to the broader inter-cluster/sector AA frameworks. Triggers and thresholds require approval by the Education Cluster and ECW.
- Determining Somalia EiE-specific AA activities
- The consultants will be responsible for defining AA activities specific to EiE and specific to drought and to floods. The defined activities should mitigate the impact of drought and floods on the education sector with the needs of the most vulnerable children prioritized. This task should focus on pre-positioning, readiness, and early action, outlining lead times and responsibilities for each, noting these will also differ for rapid and slow onset hazards. To properly locate AA sequentially, the consultants should also outline the relationship between AA and disaster risk reduction, preparedness, scaled-up response, and monitoring and evaluation. On M&E the design of the pilot MEAL plans should be developed with ECW’s Learning Partner, who is evaluating the AA pilots in Pakistan and Somalia. Children, teachers, caregivers, education partners, and ministries will participate in formulating AA activities to ensure inclusivity. Risks associated with early delivery of each activity should also be defined, with the assumption that in most cases a “no regrets” approach will be taken to distribution of supplies and other expenditure when lives are at risk.
- Mapping challenges and opportunities for EiE AA
- Consultants to articulate the challenges and opportunities related to implementing EiE Anticipatory Action in Somalia.
- Creating governance structures for EiE AA
- As part of this consultancy, governance structures used in other Anticipatory Action frameworks, both within Somalia and globally, will be reviewed. In close collaboration with the EiE AA task team, and drawing on best practices for AA governance, the consultants will propose an appropriate governance structure for activating, implementing, monitoring, and evaluating anticipatory action for drought and floods. In developing a governance structure, the consultants should review Somalia’s complex coordination architecture, drawing on appropriate mechanisms to ensure the ECW pilot is well coordinated. This work will be directly overseen by the AA Task Team. The proposed governance structure(s) will need to be agreed with the Education Cluster and ECW.
Deliverable: A draft EiE Anticipatory Action (AA) framework for each of the two anticipated shocks (drought and floods) with recommended actions included.
Timeline: 4 months
Phase 3: Validation and Finalization
- Validation Sessions: Organize and facilitate at least two validation sessions (national and sub-national levels) to ensure key actors, including government representatives, education stakeholders, and local authorities, contribute to and own the frameworks. These sessions will help refine the document based on real-time feedback and ensure stakeholder buy-in.
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Finalization:
- Deliverable: Final EiE AA frameworks incorporating all feedback from the validation sessions and from global actors (e.g., GEC, UNICEF, ECW).
- Objective: Finalize a document that is actionable, context-specific, and endorsed by key actors at the national and international levels.
- Timeline: 1-2 months, including the feedback period for both validation and finalization.
Phase 4: Ongoing Technical Support
- Objective: To ensure that the EiE AA frameworks are not only delivered but also effectively implemented, providing practical support during its rollout and ensuring that local stakeholders are fully capable of applying the framework in anticipatory action planning.
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Key Activities:
- Capacity Building: The consultancy team will organize and facilitate workshops or capacity-building sessions for local stakeholders, focusing on how to apply the framework document in real-world scenarios. This will include hands-on training to ensure understanding and effective application.
- Advisory Role: The team will provide ongoing technical support during the initial stages of implementation, including responding to technical queries, reviewing early implementation plans, and advising on necessary adjustments based on initial findings. This support will actively involve coordination with the learning partner that ECW is bringing on board, ensuring alignment and knowledge-sharing throughout the setup and implementation phases. Engaging closely with the learning partner will ensure an integrated approach, enhancing adaptation and refinement of the intervention based on emerging insights and learnings.
- Follow-Up and Reporting: A follow-up report will be developed after the initial rollout phase, identifying challenges, documenting lessons learned, and providing recommendations for improvement and sustainability.
- Deliverable: Ongoing technical support package, including workshops, advisory services, and a follow-up report on the implementation phase.
- Timeline: 3-6 months following the finalization of the EiE AA frameworks.
Ethical considerations
The consultant(s) will be expected to sign NRC’s code of conduct to ensure that she/he adheres to NRC’s ethical standards. She/he will be expected to maintain confidentiality and be available for the full duration of the assignment.
Composition of Consultancy Team and Qualification Requirements
The consultancy team will consist of at least three members to bring in diverse expertise.
Lead Consultant (EiE Specialist)
Key Responsibilities: The Lead Consultant will act as the anchor of this consultancy, ensuring that all moving parts coalesce into cohesive, impactful frameworks that reflect global and local best practices. This consultant will lead the strategic vision, coordinate the development process, oversee stakeholder engagement, and ensure alignment with Education in Emergencies (EiE) best practices. Additionally, they will facilitate validation sessions and manage consultations with the Somalia AA Task Team and global actors (e.g., UNICEF, GEC, ECW).
Qualifications:
- Advanced Degree: A Master’s degree or higher in education, humanitarian action, or a related field (disaster management, climate resilience, or international development).
- Experience: Minimum of 10 years of experience in the Education in Emergencies (EiE) sector, particularly in fragile and conflict-affected contexts like Somalia.
- Technical Expertise: Demonstrated expertise in anticipatory action frameworks, climate resilience, disaster risk reduction, and emergency preparedness in education.
- Stakeholder Engagement: Proven experience in facilitating multi-stakeholder processes, including working with UN agencies, INGOs, donor partners, local governments, and affected communities.
- Leadership & Project Management: Strong leadership skills with experience managing multi-disciplinary teams in the humanitarian sector, preferably in consultancy settings.
- Communication Skills: Exceptional writing and presentation skills, with the ability to produce high-quality documents for a range of audiences.
Climate Risk & Disaster Specialist
Key Responsibilities: This specialist will be the weather forecaster of the team, providing insights into the climate-related risks faced by Somalia’s education system. They will focus on developing early warning systems, analyzing risks, and integrating disaster risk reduction strategies into the EiE anticipatory action framework. Their expertise will be vital in developing the triggers and thresholds for drought and floods.
Qualifications:
- Advanced Degree: A Master’s degree or higher in climate science, environmental management, disaster risk management, or a related field.
- Experience: At least 7-10 years of experience in climate risk management, dedicated experience of doing Anticipatory Action in humanitarian settings, DRR, and early warning systems, preferably in fragile contexts and conflict-affected settings.
- Technical Expertise: In-depth knowledge of climate-induced risks (floods, droughts), early warning systems, Anticipatory Action, and disaster risk reduction strategies in education.
- Regional Experience: Prior experience working in Somalia, the Horn of Africa, or other similar fragile contexts will be considered a strong asset.
- Analytical Skills: Strong data analysis and risk assessment skills, with the ability to translate complex information into practical, actionable recommendations for education programming.
Community Engagement & Social Inclusion Specialist
Key Responsibilities: This consultant will be the heart of the team, ensuring that the voices of marginalized communities—children with disabilities, displaced populations, and vulnerable groups—are at the core of the Anticipatory Action frameworks. They will lead community consultations, ensuring that the AA frameworks are participatory, inclusive, and sensitive to the needs of the most vulnerable. Their role will also include ensuring that the frameworks reflect gender and social inclusion at all levels.
Expertise and Qualifications:
- Experience: 5-7 years of experience in social inclusion, community engagement, or protection, with a focus on education and humanitarian settings. Experience engaging with marginalized groups, particularly children, women, and displaced communities, is essential.
- Technical Skills: Strong facilitation and participatory planning skills, with experience in designing and implementing inclusive strategies in EiE. Familiarity with safeguarding principles and child protection in emergencies is critical.
- Cultural Sensitivity: A deep understanding of cultural and social dynamics in Somalia or similar contexts, with experience working closely with affected communities to ensure their needs are reflected in policy and planning.
- Qualifications: Degree in Social Work, Community Development, Human Rights, or related fields.
Deliverables, timelines, and payment schedule
It is anticipated that this consultancy engagement will be carried out over a period of approximately 10-12 months. At the inception phase, a more specific work plan will be drafted in cooperation with the consultant(s). The process will be divided in three phases: i) development of the AA frameworks ii) technical involvement in the piloting (testing) process iii) revision of the tools based on the pilot results building on the previous phases recommendations.
Schedule of Payment
Phase 1
Inception Report: Includes refined methodology, a detailed work plan, key deliverables, milestones, and initial observations.
Presentation of the Inception Report to NRC for review and approval.
3 weeks (January 2025)
10% upon submission and approval of the inception report.
Phase 2
Draft AA Frameworks A comprehensive EiE AA framework for drought and for floods with all the recommended components.
4 months (February 2025 to May 2025)
40% upon submission and approval of the draft frameworks
Phase 3
Final AA Frameworks: Incorporating all feedback from validation sessions and global actors (GEC, UNICEF, ECW).
1-2 month (June to July 2025)
30% upon submission and approval of the final frameworks.
Phase 4
Comprehensive Capacity Building and Advisory Support Package
3-5 months after the finalization of the frameworks (August to Dec 2025).
20% upon completion of follow-up support and advisory services.
Application procedure and requirements
The interested consultant or consulting firm is expected to provide the following documentation:
- A cover letter introducing the consultant. In the case of a firm, the cover letter should introduce the team composition, specifying the role to be played by each team member.
- A technical proposal of not more than 10 pages outlining how to execute the task with a clear framework, methodology, and timeline. The proposed methodology should demonstrate a clear understanding of the ToR.
- Resume of the consultant, or each team member for firms
- Evidence of experience conducting similar assignments
- Proposed budget, indicating the consultancy fee, costs of enumerators and data collection, and all other auxiliary costs in USD.
Submission
- Complete tender documents can be obtained, free of charge, by downloading the documents from the Digital Procurement System (DPS)in the link provided below.
https://eaydps.nrc.no/tender/details/9dbd1822-b82e-4f1d-b41e-d4a3cb680386
- If you have any technical difficulties in accessing the tender documents, please contact the following email address: [email protected] for assistance, considering that NRC will not share the bids via email as all bidders must Register and download the tender documents from the Digital Tendering System. Interested consultants/firms should send through the Digital Procurement System (DPS)
How to apply
- Complete tender documents can be obtained, free of charge, by downloading the documents from the Digital Procurement System (DPS)in the link provided below.
https://eaydps.nrc.no/tender/details/9dbd1822-b82e-4f1d-b41e-d4a3cb680386